Neuroscience and Psychology

Your brain makes it possible for you to learn, think, see, play, make new friends, feel happy or sad, and so much more. In neuroscience and psychology, scientists are interested in how and why living creatures do what they do. This section of Frontiers for Young Minds will include articles about the brains and behaviors of humans and other species. You will read about how brains work, how animals behave, how we grow up and learn to do new things, how we interact with other people, and how your life might be different from other people’s lives. Scientists who study these topics have to get clever with their research methods – you’ll see. Can you think of a college or university near where you live? Scientists are probably there right now trying to figure out how humans and other animals work, and they need help from the next generation of critical thinkers. In the end, we hope that neuroscience and psychology can help everybody be healthy and have a fair chance to thrive. What do you think is interesting about people’s brains and behaviors?

Editorial board

Associate Editors

Anna Alkozei
Anna Alkozei
University of Arizona, United States
Alessandro Antonietti
Alessandro Antonietti
Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Italy
Mariana Branco
Mariana Branco
Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
Gideon Caplovitz
Gideon Caplovitz
University of Nevada, Reno, United States
Pablo Cruz Gonzalez
Pablo Cruz Gonzalez
Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Gaya Dowling
Gaya Dowling
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH), United States
Paul Glimcher
Paul Glimcher
New York University, United States
Jay Hegdé
Jay Hegdé
Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, United States
Daniel Hermens
Daniel Hermens
Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
Laura Herrero
Laura Herrero
Camilo José Cela University, Spain
Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
Fanli Jia
Fanli Jia
Seton Hall University, United States
Elizabeth Johnson
Elizabeth Johnson
Northwestern University, United States
Dietsje Jolles
Dietsje Jolles
Leiden University, Netherlands
Rajesh Kana
Rajesh Kana
University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
Rajesh Kana
Rajesh Kana
University of Alabama, United States
Guilherme Lucas
Guilherme Lucas
University of São Paulo, Brazil
Shekher Mohan
Shekher Mohan
Baptist Health Science University, College of Osteopatic Medicine, United States
Ryan Mruczek
Ryan Mruczek
College of the Holy Cross, United States
Caroline Niziolek
Caroline Niziolek
University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
Yangming Ou
Yangming Ou
Harvard Medical School, United States
David Sheinberg
David Sheinberg
Brown University, United States
Nico Sollmann
Nico Sollmann
Ulm University Medical Center, Germany
Mubarak Syed
Mubarak Syed
University of New Mexico, United States
Daniel Wesson
Daniel Wesson
University of Florida, United States
Jie (JZ) Zheng
Jie (JZ) Zheng
University of California, Davis, United States
Xi-Nian Zuo
Xi-Nian Zuo
Beijing Normal University, China

Science Mentors

We would like to thank our team of Science Mentors for their valuable contribution to Frontiers for Young Minds.

Their input and guidance during the review process helps our Young Reviewers understand the importance of their role and their connection to the scientific community.

Jafri Abdullah
Jafri Abdullah
Jenna Adams
Jenna Adams
Subathra Adithan
Subathra Adithan
Amy Allison
Amy Allison
Amy Altick
Amy Altick
David Andrew
David Andrew
Russell Andrews
Russell Andrews
Pavlo Antonenko
Pavlo Antonenko
Hector Arciniega
Hector Arciniega
Analía Arévalo
Analía Arévalo
MEENAKSHI ARORA
MEENAKSHI ARORA
Neha Arun
Neha Arun
Diana Arya
Diana Arya
Angela AuBuchon
Angela AuBuchon
Elise B. Barbeau
Elise B. Barbeau
Amirhesam Babajani
Amirhesam Babajani
Yachel Baker
Yachel Baker
Joe Bathelt
Joe Bathelt
Vadim Batios
Vadim Batios
Katherine Bell
Katherine Bell
Janet Benyamin
Janet Benyamin
Mark Berry
Mark Berry
Marian Berryhill
Marian Berryhill
Ruggero Bettinardi
Ruggero Bettinardi
Neha Bhutani
Neha Bhutani
Kimberly Bodaar
Kimberly Bodaar
Tijana Bojić
Tijana Bojić
Tijana Bojić
Tijana Bojić
Rober Boshra
Rober Boshra
Zhen Bouman Chen
Zhen Bouman Chen
Kate Bray
Kate Bray
Elena Brivio
Elena Brivio
Guilherme Brockington
Guilherme Brockington
Natalie Bryant
Natalie Bryant
Bryony Buck
Bryony Buck
Randal Buddington
Randal Buddington
Stephanie Carreiro
Stephanie Carreiro
Charlotte Cartledge
Charlotte Cartledge
Juan Castillo
Juan Castillo
Gabriela Castillo-Parra
Gabriela Castillo-Parra
M Chakravarty
M Chakravarty
Leo Chalupa
Leo Chalupa
Pascal Chauvet
Pascal Chauvet
Velina Chavarro
Velina Chavarro
Naomi Chaytor
Naomi Chaytor
Tai-Heng Chen
Tai-Heng Chen
Maggie Chen
Maggie Chen
Hu Cheng
Hu Cheng
Deepa Cherukunnath
Deepa Cherukunnath
Yunseon Choi
Yunseon Choi
Leanne Chukoskie
Leanne Chukoskie
Amanda Clacy
Amanda Clacy
Gregory Clemenson
Gregory Clemenson
Meredith Clifford
Meredith Clifford
Morgan Coburn
Morgan Coburn
Ian Colrain
Ian Colrain
Jill Crittenden
Jill Crittenden
Vanessa Cropley
Vanessa Cropley
Adán Dagnino-Acosta
Adán Dagnino-Acosta
Christina Dalla
Christina Dalla
Ruth Dalton
Ruth Dalton
Stella Danon
Stella Danon
Carly Darden
Carly Darden
Mohammad Dastjerdi
Mohammad Dastjerdi
Sejal Davla
Sejal Davla
Edward De Haan
Edward De Haan
Alexandra de Sousa
Alexandra de Sousa
Alexandra Decker
Alexandra Decker
Elisabetta del Re
Elisabetta del Re
Laura DeNardo
Laura DeNardo
Samantha DePasque
Samantha DePasque
Menton Deweese
Menton Deweese
Ryan Dilger
Ryan Dilger
Stephanie Dimitroff
Stephanie Dimitroff
Jill Dolata
Jill Dolata
Florin Dolcos
Florin Dolcos
Avihay Dorfman
Avihay Dorfman
Aikaterini Dounavi
Aikaterini Dounavi
Christina Driver
Christina Driver
Dominique Duncan
Dominique Duncan
Mark Eastburn
Mark Eastburn
Gabrielle Edgerton
Gabrielle Edgerton
Dustin Eirdosh
Dustin Eirdosh
Rei Elbaz
Rei Elbaz
John Elias
John Elias
Hilary Engebretson
Hilary Engebretson
Pascale Engel de Abreu
Pascale Engel de Abreu
Regina Espinosa Lopez
Regina Espinosa Lopez
Pilar Ester
Pilar Ester
Grant Fairchild
Grant Fairchild
Yana Fandakova
Yana Fandakova
Elvira Fatsini Fernández
Elvira Fatsini Fernández
Klára Fekete
Klára Fekete
Marla Feller
Marla Feller
Lesley Fellows
Lesley Fellows
Dumitru Fetco
Dumitru Fetco
Aaron Fisher
Aaron Fisher
Adi Fledel Alon
Adi Fledel Alon
Carmen Flores Nakandakare
Carmen Flores Nakandakare
Yvonne Fonken
Yvonne Fonken
Didia Fortes
Didia Fortes
Sara Franco
Sara Franco
Amy Frithsen
Amy Frithsen
Jonathan Fritz
Jonathan Fritz
Emi Furukawa
Emi Furukawa
Beatriz Gal
Beatriz Gal
Subhashini Ganapathy
Subhashini Ganapathy
Lucette Gargett
Lucette Gargett
Maria Garraffa
Maria Garraffa
Mukesh Gautam
Mukesh Gautam
Michael Gazzaniga
Michael Gazzaniga
Cigdem Gelegen Van Eijl
Cigdem Gelegen Van Eijl
Caitlin Gish
Caitlin Gish
Janaki Gnanalingham
Janaki Gnanalingham
Adi Golani
Adi Golani
Benjamin Gold
Benjamin Gold
Stephanie Gorman
Stephanie Gorman
Georgianna Gould
Georgianna Gould
Shayri Greenwood
Shayri Greenwood
Valeriya Gritsenko
Valeriya Gritsenko
Sean Gross
Sean Gross
Yuzhu Guo
Yuzhu Guo
Ram Gurumoorthy
Ram Gurumoorthy
Julia Haarhuis
Julia Haarhuis
Smadar Hadas
Smadar Hadas
Laura Hale
Laura Hale
Edith Hamel
Edith Hamel
Ajna Hamidovic
Ajna Hamidovic
Anita Harrewijn
Anita Harrewijn
Ran Hassin
Ran Hassin
Jumi Hayaki
Jumi Hayaki
Ye He
Ye He
Stephanie HEIL
Stephanie HEIL
Stanley Heinze
Stanley Heinze
Randolph Helfrich
Randolph Helfrich
Wendy Heller
Wendy Heller
Takao Hensch
Takao Hensch
John Heslen
John Heslen
Karla Holmboe
Karla Holmboe
Nikki Honzel
Nikki Honzel
Patricia Hoyos
Patricia Hoyos
Scott Huettel
Scott Huettel
David Hunt
David Hunt
Paola Iannello
Paola Iannello
Ivana Ilic
Ivana Ilic
Hee Yeon Im
Hee Yeon Im
Constance Imbault
Constance Imbault
Alexandru Iordan
Alexandru Iordan
Linda Isaac, PhD
Linda Isaac, PhD
Mercè Izquierdo-Serra
Mercè Izquierdo-Serra
Anna Jafarpour
Anna Jafarpour
Felicia Jefferson
Felicia Jefferson
Zheng JIN
Zheng JIN
Elizabeth Johnson
Elizabeth Johnson
Lataisia Jones
Lataisia Jones
Nathan Jorgensen
Nathan Jorgensen
Soyeon Jun
Soyeon Jun
Rosa Jurado Barba
Rosa Jurado Barba
Sowmyashree Kaku
Sowmyashree Kaku
Julia Kam
Julia Kam
Sabine Kastner
Sabine Kastner
Daniela Kaufer
Daniela Kaufer
Caroline Kelsey
Caroline Kelsey
May Khanna
May Khanna
Datis Kharrazian
Datis Kharrazian
Yuki Kikuchi
Yuki Kikuchi
Helen Kimbell
Helen Kimbell
Violet Kimble
Violet Kimble
Eli Kinney-Lang
Eli Kinney-Lang
Stanley Klein
Stanley Klein
Firas Kobeissy
Firas Kobeissy
Norman Kong
Norman Kong
Gillit Kroul
Gillit Kroul
Dilja Krueger-Burg
Dilja Krueger-Burg
James Kryklywy
James Kryklywy
Kirthana Kunikullaya U
Kirthana Kunikullaya U
Yael Kuperman
Yael Kuperman
Christine Kurlawalla-Martinez
Christine Kurlawalla-Martinez
Ludovica Labruna
Ludovica Labruna
Cecile Ladouceur
Cecile Ladouceur
Jacqueline Lai
Jacqueline Lai
Susan Landau
Susan Landau
Karen Lander
Karen Lander
Alexandra Latini
Alexandra Latini
Timmy Le
Timmy Le
Caroline Lea-Carnall
Caroline Lea-Carnall
Gillian LeBlanc
Gillian LeBlanc
Maya Lecker
Maya Lecker
Tali Leibovich-Raveh
Tali Leibovich-Raveh
Leticia Leon
Leticia Leon
Roie Levi
Roie Levi
Pat Levitt
Pat Levitt
Xuekun Li
Xuekun Li
Jing Li
Jing Li
Marijn Lijffijt
Marijn Lijffijt
Jormay Lim
Jormay Lim
George Littlejohn
George Littlejohn
Vladimir Litvak
Vladimir Litvak
Jean Liu
Jean Liu
Siman Liu
Siman Liu
Elizabeth Lorenc
Elizabeth Lorenc
Qiuyu LU
Qiuyu LU
Guilherme Lucas
Guilherme Lucas
Sharilyn Lum
Sharilyn Lum
Taissa Lytchenko
Taissa Lytchenko
Gustavo Madeira Santana
Gustavo Madeira Santana
Kate Maier
Kate Maier
Evie Malaia
Evie Malaia
Farhad Maleki
Farhad Maleki
Rakotoarisoa Maminirina Fenitra
Rakotoarisoa Maminirina Fenitra
David Mandel
David Mandel
Cameron Mang
Cameron Mang
Nivedita Mani
Nivedita Mani
Marena Manierka
Marena Manierka
Dara Manoach
Dara Manoach
Michelle Marneweck
Michelle Marneweck
Torsten Marquardt
Torsten Marquardt
Susana Martinez-Conde
Susana Martinez-Conde
Sabateeshan Mathavarajah
Sabateeshan Mathavarajah
Jessie Maxwell
Jessie Maxwell
J. Patrick Mayo
J. Patrick Mayo
Aja McDonagh
Aja McDonagh
Isabella McGowen
Isabella McGowen
Larisa McLoughlin
Larisa McLoughlin
Amanda McQuade
Amanda McQuade
Larry Medsker
Larry Medsker
Roy Meirtchak
Roy Meirtchak
Beatris Mendez-Gandica
Beatris Mendez-Gandica
Anne Mennen
Anne Mennen
Rebecca Merkley
Rebecca Merkley
Eli Merriam
Eli Merriam
Crystal Miller
Crystal Miller
Kathryn Mills
Kathryn Mills
Maria Concetta Miniaci
Maria Concetta Miniaci
Gina Mitchell
Gina Mitchell
Mihaela Mitrovic
Mihaela Mitrovic
Marjaneh Moini
Marjaneh Moini
Charles Moore
Charles Moore
Sara Morales Alonso
Sara Morales Alonso
Alexander More
Alexander More
Austin Mudd
Austin Mudd
Mukul Mukherjee
Mukul Mukherjee
Kathryn Murphy
Kathryn Murphy
Samuel Myers
Samuel Myers
Rebecca Nalloor
Rebecca Nalloor
Abdolvahed Narmashiri
Abdolvahed Narmashiri
Paul Nealen
Paul Nealen
Sudha Neelam
Sudha Neelam
Jessie Claire Newville
Jessie Claire Newville
Elsy Ngwa
Elsy Ngwa
FERNANDO OCHOA-CORTES
FERNANDO OCHOA-CORTES
Won Chan Oh
Won Chan Oh
Rosanna Olsen
Rosanna Olsen
Iryna Omelchenko
Iryna Omelchenko
Sok King Ong
Sok King Ong
Tobias Overath
Tobias Overath
Dhanya P
Dhanya P
Timo Partonen
Timo Partonen
Rahul Patel
Rahul Patel
Prachi Patel
Prachi Patel
Tadd Patton
Tadd Patton
Simon Pearce
Simon Pearce
Gert-Jan Pepping
Gert-Jan Pepping
Stefanie Perrier
Stefanie Perrier
J. Penney Peterson
J. Penney Peterson
Crina Peterson
Crina Peterson
Serena Petrocchi
Serena Petrocchi
Jessica Phillips-Silver
Jessica Phillips-Silver
Lakshmi Swarna Mukhi Pidugu
Lakshmi Swarna Mukhi Pidugu
Paulo Pinheiro
Paulo Pinheiro
Rachel Plak
Rachel Plak
Ivette Planell-Mendez
Ivette Planell-Mendez
Briana Pobiner
Briana Pobiner
Alexis Pracar
Alexis Pracar
Margherita Protasoni
Margherita Protasoni
Michael Proulx
Michael Proulx
Giuseppina Puglisi
Giuseppina Puglisi
Mohammad Qneibi
Mohammad Qneibi
Alina Quach
Alina Quach
Ajay Rajaram
Ajay Rajaram
Hamidreza Ramezanpour
Hamidreza Ramezanpour
Vinitha Rangarajan
Vinitha Rangarajan
Anders Rasmussen
Anders Rasmussen
Kate Reinhart
Kate Reinhart
Seydanur Reisli
Seydanur Reisli
Nicole Ricker
Nicole Ricker
Silvia Riva
Silvia Riva
Mary Robbins
Mary Robbins
Rex Robison
Rex Robison
Danny Rogers
Danny Rogers
Meredith Rowe
Meredith Rowe
Zhi Ruan
Zhi Ruan
Leonid Rubchinsky
Leonid Rubchinsky
Jae Kyu Ryu
Jae Kyu Ryu
Ignacio Saez
Ignacio Saez
Sucharita Saha
Sucharita Saha
Zoltan Sarnyai
Zoltan Sarnyai
Ingo Sasgen
Ingo Sasgen
Michael Schappe
Michael Schappe
Eitan Schechtman-Drayman
Eitan Schechtman-Drayman
K Suzanne Scherf
K Suzanne Scherf
Anouck Schippers
Anouck Schippers
Ralf Schmid
Ralf Schmid
Robert Schwamborn
Robert Schwamborn
Orli Schwartz
Orli Schwartz
Idan Segev
Idan Segev
Suganya Selvarajah
Suganya Selvarajah
Stefania Serafin
Stefania Serafin
Vishal Shah
Vishal Shah
Mansi Shah
Mansi Shah
Vishal Shah
Vishal Shah
Vonnie Shields
Vonnie Shields
Daphna Shohamy
Daphna Shohamy
Marina Shpaner
Marina Shpaner
Gabrielle Simcock
Gabrielle Simcock
Abhishek Singh
Abhishek Singh
Amy Skinner
Amy Skinner
Ashleigh Smith
Ashleigh Smith
Anna Smith
Anna Smith
Elizabeth Snedden
Elizabeth Snedden
Helen Sokolowski
Helen Sokolowski
Emilio Emilio Soto Soto
Emilio Emilio Soto Soto
Rebecca Spencer
Rebecca Spencer
Sriram Srinivasan
Sriram Srinivasan
Ariel Starr
Ariel Starr
Amy Strachan
Amy Strachan
Rui Su
Rui Su
Vaidy Swaminathan
Vaidy Swaminathan
Marta Tajes
Marta Tajes
Jianing Tang
Jianing Tang
Pranoot Tanpaiboon
Pranoot Tanpaiboon
Hengameh (Heny) Taraz
Hengameh (Heny) Taraz
Courtney Thomas
Courtney Thomas
Carol Thompson
Carol Thompson
Feng Tian
Feng Tian
Kalee Tock
Kalee Tock
Shubha Tole
Shubha Tole
Elizabeth Toomarian
Elizabeth Toomarian
Nim Tottenham
Nim Tottenham
Thanh-Tuyen Tran-Nguyen
Thanh-Tuyen Tran-Nguyen
Jonathan Tsay
Jonathan Tsay
Ayumi Tsuda
Ayumi Tsuda
Nora Turoman
Nora Turoman
Alessandro Ulivi
Alessandro Ulivi
Alexandra Ulyanova
Alexandra Ulyanova
Henry Van Den Bedem
Henry Van Den Bedem
Marlieke Van Kesteren
Marlieke Van Kesteren
Theresa Vaughan
Theresa Vaughan
Vinod Venkatraman
Vinod Venkatraman
Sergio Villar
Sergio Villar
Gal Vishne
Gal Vishne
Bhavya Voleti
Bhavya Voleti
Alex Wade
Alex Wade
Jennifer Walter
Jennifer Walter
Yingying Wang
Yingying Wang
Ted Weyand
Ted Weyand
Joe Winer
Joe Winer
Jesse Winer
Jesse Winer
Robert Wurster
Robert Wurster
Yang Yang
Yang Yang
Zhengyi Yang
Zhengyi Yang
Manuella Oliveira Yassa
Manuella Oliveira Yassa
Nathanael Yates
Nathanael Yates
Tracylyn Yellowhair
Tracylyn Yellowhair
Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg
Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg
Kaitlyn Zavaleta
Kaitlyn Zavaleta
Galia Zer Kavod
Galia Zer Kavod
Yingying Zhang
Yingying Zhang
ch zheng
ch zheng
Tian Zheng
Tian Zheng
Edie Zusman MD, MBA
Edie Zusman MD, MBA